Tsinghua University
Picture Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (sometimes abbreviated as THU) is a research
university located in Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC), and
is one of the nine members in the C9
League. The institution was originally established in 1911 under the name
"Tsinghua College" and had been renamed several times since then:
from "Tsinghua School" which was used one year after its
establishment, to "National Tsinghua University" which was adopted
three years after the foundation of its university section in 1925. With its
motto of Self-Discipline and
Social Commitment, Tsinghua University describes itself as being dedicated
to academic excellence, the well-being of Chinese
society and to global development. It has consistently received top rankings
in both domestic and internationaluniversity rankings, alongside Peking University, which is the top
elite higher learning institution in the mainland People's Republic of China (PRC). Tsinghua University in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is a separate institution from the TaiwaneseNational Tsing Hua University located in Hsinchu city in the high-tech democratic industrialized developed country of the Republic of China (Taiwan). After the Chinese Civil War and the subsequent split of China into
the two present-day separate sovereignindependent countries of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC), some
academics and staff from the original Tsinghua University in the mainland People's Republic of China (PRC) left and created the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955 in Hsinchu, Republic of China (Taiwan), which
later became the National Tsing Hua University ofisland nation of Taiwan.
The two Tsinghua universities are not affiliated with
each other, but both claim to be successors of the original Tsinghua
University. As a result of this dispute, the universities claimed to be the
rightful recipient of the funds from the Boxer
Rebellion indemnity that was used
to start Tsinghua University. This indemnity was transferred to the university
in Taiwan after the democratic Republic of China (Taiwan) retreated to the island of Taiwan following the invasions and take over
of mainland China by the communist People's Republic of China (PRC).
1.
History
Picture 1.1 The
inscription at the entrance of "Tsinghua Yuan" ("Garden of
Tsinghua"); the garden is among the oldest components of the campus of
Tsinghua University
Picture 1.2 A glimpse of
Xichun Garden, a Qing Dynasty garden on Tsinghua University Campus
Picture 1.3 The
traditional He Tang Yue Se (moonlit pond) is part of the Qing Dynasty
Prince's Residence and Garden located on the grounds of Tsinghua University
In the aftermath of the Boxer
Rebellion, American Secretary of State John
Hay suggested that the US $30
million plus Boxer indemnity paid to the United States was excessive. After
several negotiations, President Theodore
Roosevelt obtained congressional
approval in 1909 to reduce the Qing
Dynasty indemnity payment by
US$10.8 million, on the condition that the said fund was to be used as
scholarship for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this
fund, the Tsinghua College (清華學堂; Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was
established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden
belonging to a prince.[8] It
was first a preparatory school for students later sent by the government to
study in the United States. The faculty members for sciences were recruited by
the YMCA from the United States and its graduates
transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. In 1925,
the school established its College Department and started its research
institute on Chinese studies.
In 1928, the authority officially changed its name to
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU). During World
War II in 1937, Tsinghua
University along with Peking
University and Nankai University, merged to form
Changsha Temporary University in Changsha,
and later National Southwestern
Associated University in Kunming of Yunnan province. After the war,
Tsinghua moved back to Beijing and resumed its operation.
After the communist
revolution at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, which led to the creation of
the People's Republic of China (PRC), Tsinghua University's then President Mei
Yi-Qi, followed by many[quantify] professors, fled to Taiwan where they established the National
Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became National Tsing Hua University of Taiwan.
In 1952, the Chinese government regrouped the country's
higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system, with individual
institutions tending to specialize in a certain field of study. When the Cultural Revolution began in 1966, many university
students walked out of the classrooms, and some went on to be part of the Red Guards, resulting in the complete
shutdown of the university. It was not until 1978, after the Cultural
Revolution had ended, that the university began to take in students again.[9] Even so, Tsinghua University remained
in the top tier of schools in China. The school is sometimes even called the
"MIT of China" to imply
its specialty in sciences andengineering.[10][11]
Since the 1980s, the university began to incorporate a multidisciplinary system. As a result, several schools
were re-incorporated. These included the School of Sciences, School of
Economics and Management, School of Life Sciences, School of Humanities and
Social Sciences,Tsinghua Law School, School of Public Policy and Management, and
the Academy of Arts and Design.
2. Present
Picture 2.1 Built in 1917, the Grand Auditorium with its Jeffersonian
architectural design is a centerpiece of the old campus
Most national and international university rankings place
Tsinghua amongst the best universities in mainland China.[4][5][6] Admission to Tsinghua is extremely competitive. Every
year, many applicants scoring the highest in the National College Entrance
Exams choose Tsinghua. According to a report in 2008, 215 out of 300 students
who scored the top 10 in the 30 tested provinces and regions chose Tsinghua and
21 out of the 30 top scorers in each province and region chose the university.[12] A majority of selected students are among the brightest
high school graduates in the country. Admissions to its graduate schools are
also very competitive, with only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each
year.[13]
Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese
Communist Party and Paramount Leader Xi Jinping, who graduated with a degree in chemical engineering in 1979, as well as the CPC General Secretary and former Paramount Leader Hu Jintao, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering in 1964. Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting some of
the most distinguished guest speakers of any university in the world, with
international leaders such as Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Henry Kissinger, Carlos Ghosn, and Henry Paulson, all recently giving lectures to the
university community.[14]
As of 2003, Tsinghua University has 12 colleges and 48
departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories,
including 15 national key laboratories. In September 2006, Peking Union Medical College was renamed to Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua
University, although the Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua University
remain two separate institutions.[15] The university offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139
master's degree programs and 107 PhD programs. Recently, Tsinghua has become
the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws program in
American law, through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law. The university
is a member of LAOTSE, an international network of leading universities in
Europe and Asia. Each year, the University celebrates the Intellectual Property
Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce
Law Center of Concord, New
Hampshire. It has its own editorial, Tsinghua University Press.
Announced in 2013, the Schwarzman Scholars program will consist of 200 scholars to be chosen
annually to work towards a one-year Master’s Degree in Public Policy,
International Relations, Engineering, Economics & Business. These scholars
will live on the university campus at Schwarzman
College, a residential college being built specifically for this program.
1.
Academics
1.1 Academic
organisation
3.1.1
School of Architecture
·
Department of Architecture
·
Department of Urban
Planning and Design
·
Department of Building
Science
·
Department of Landscape
Architecture
3.1.2 School
of Civil Engineering
·
Department of Civil
Engineering
·
Department of Hydraulic
Engineering
·
Department of Construction
Management
3.1.3 School
of Mechanical Engineering
·
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
·
Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanology
·
Department of Thermal Engineering
·
Department of Automotive
Engineering
·
Department of Industrial
Engineering
3.1.4 School
of Aerospace
·
Department of Engineering Mechanics
·
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering
3.1.5 School
of Information Science and Technology
·
Department of Electronic
Engineering
·
Department of Computer Science and Technology
·
Department of Automation
·
Institute of Microelectronics
·
Department of Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics
·
School of Software
·
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
·
Department of Electrical
Engineering
·
Department of Engineering
Physics
·
Department of Chemical Engineering
·
Department of Materials
Science and Engineering
3.1.6 School
of Sciences
·
Department of Mathematics
·
Department of Physics
·
Department of Chemistry
·
School of Life
Sciences
3.1.7 School
of Humanities
·
Department of Philosophy
·
Department of Chinese Language and Literature
·
Department of Foreign Languages
·
Department of History
3.1.8 School
of Social Sciences
·
Department of Sociology
·
Department of Political
Science
·
Department of International Relations
·
Department of Psychology
·
Institute of Economics
·
Institute of Science, Technology and Societ
3.1.9 School
of Economics and Management
·
Department of Management Science and Engineering
·
Department of Economics
·
Department of Finance
·
Department of Accounting
·
Department of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
·
Department of Human
Resources and Organizational Behavior
·
Department of Business Strategy and Policy
·
Department of Marketing
·
School of Public Policy & Management
·
Tsinghua Law School
3.1.10 Academy
of Arts and Design
·
Department of Art History
·
Department of Industrial Design
·
Department of Environmental Art Design
·
Department of Ceramic Design
·
Department of Visual Communication Design
·
Department of Textile and Fashion Design
·
Department of Art and Crafts
·
Department of Painting
·
Department of Sculpture
·
Department of Information Art & Design
3.1.11 School
of Medicine
·
Department of Medical Science
·
Department of Pharmaceutical Science
·
Department of Biomedical
Engineering
·
School of Journalism and Communication
·
Institute of Nuclear And New Energy Technology
·
Department of Physical Education
1.2 Department of
Mathematical Sciences
Department
of Mathematical Sciences (DMS) was established in 1927. As one of the premier
Departments of Mathematical
Sciences in
China, DMS is famous for its rigorous academic attitude. Many famous Chinese
mathematicians from DMS such as Shiing-Shen
Chern and Luogeng Hua became well-known to the world.
In
1952, Tsinghua DMS was merged with the Peking
University Department
of Mathematical Sciences. Then in 1979 it was renamed "Department of
Applied Mathematics", and renamed again in 1999 to its current title.
Tsinghua
DMS has three institutes at present, the institute of Elementary Mathematics which has 27 faculty members, the Institute
of Applied
Mathematics and Probability and Statistics which has 27 faculty members, and the
Institute of Computational Mathematics and Operations Research which has 20
faculty members. There are currently about 400 undergraduate students and 200 graduate students.
